Reishi - Ganoderma lucidum

Reishi - Ganoderma lucidum is a very broad-spectrum fungus, also known as Ganoderma lucidum. Because of its qualities, it is referred to as the "divine mushroom of immortality."

Use in terms of traditional Chinese medicine

According to traditional Chinese medicine, Reishi is characterized by a neutral temperature, a sweet and slightly hot taste. Reishi is attributed to tropism to the heart, liver, lungs (some sources also mention tropism to the spleen or kidneys).

Vitality, life force

Reishi significantly strengthens vitality, vitality, resistance to the environment, which is referred to in traditional Chinese medicine as Zheng Qi. That is why, together with Coriol, it is the most used fungus for oncological problems . They can support the immune system to act more radically against cancer cells. Coriola is doing a little better, but Reishi's body strengthening is much more important, which is also of great importance. It has proven successful in drastic, although often necessary, conventional treatment (chemotherapy or radiotherapy). Reishi should be given during conventional treatment (and about 2 months after treatment). It contributes to the destruction of cancer cells and helps the body cope with the demanding conventional treatment, which is often associated with unpleasant side symptoms.

Reishi significantly stimulates the immune system , especially macrophages, significantly stimulates the activity of NK cells (naturally killing) and dendritic cells. Can fight pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci or e.g. with E. coli, B. dysentery, B. pseudomonas.

Reishi is used for fatigue conditions . Because it supplements the blood and yin, it has proved its worth especially in women. It contributes to regeneration in various fatigue conditions, such as postpartum fatigue. It manages not only physical fatigue, but also mental fatigue, because according to Chinese medicine, it nourishes the heart (it has tropism to the heart). Its antiaging effect is also significant, which is especially appreciated by women.

Taoist monks consumed Reishi before meditation. According to traditional Chinese medicine, Reishi harmonizes the soul (An Shen effect), because according to her, the soul of the Shen has a seat in the heart (the main soul, according to the Chinese, one has more souls). Reishi is able to nourish the heart, thereby harmonizing, contracting and calming the soul of Shen. For this reason, it is appropriate to use Reishi for anxiety, mild depression, panic attacks or, for example, insomnia. Reishi in powder form is more suitable for mental problems. Because Reishi extract is a little more stimulating, it is recommended for fatigue. (1)

Reishi helps to establish mental balance

Mental imbalance has various reasons. With a little simplification, the cause lies at the heart. Therefore, from the point of view of traditional Chinese medicine, it is recommended to combine Reishi with jujube. The liver can also be the cause. According to this medicine, when a person has a heart problem (XIN), it radiates an anchorage, an imbalance. He also often feels palpitations, has a restless sleep, forgets, is timid and more pale. If a person has liver problems (GAN), it is difficult to relax, he feels tense. His moods change, he is sensitive to emotions and stress. Women often have symptoms before menstruation. Reishi is able to nourish blood and yin. When we add to this another ability, namely the harmonization of the psyche, we get a great preparation for menopausal problems, which include irritability, moodiness, hot flashes, palpitations and other typical symptoms of this period. According to traditional Chinese medicine, Reishi also soothes shortness of breath, coughs and transforms mucus. In addition, it strengthens the essence of the kidneys. Reishi has been found to benefit the heart both mentally and physically. For this reason, it is used for cardiovascular problems. Like many other medicinal mushrooms, Reishi can balance the immune system as needed. She will support him when he is weak and calm him down when the answer is inappropriate. This is the basis for autoimmune or allergic problems. Reishi has tropism to the lungs, so it is recommended for asthma, hay fever, and other allergies, coughs, COPD, emphysema. Reishi has been very successful in repeated infections of the respiratory system, but beware - they must not be in the acute phase. If it is an acute condition, it is better to reach for Coriola or betaglucan (in higher doses). According to Chinese medicine, respiration refers to the lungs and kidneys. For this reason, Reishi is often combined with Cordyceps. But they are taken separately - Cordycpes in the morning, Reishi in the evening. Reishi has been shown to be effective in skin problems, such as atopic eczema. It is suitable to supplement it with Agaricus. As we will explain in the following text, Reishi is very beneficial to the liver. Most medicinal sponges clean it more thoroughly than the commonly used St. John's wort. The liver regenerates (thanks to its hepatoprotective effect) and at the same time strengthens, especially blood and yin. This activity is especially important for women (eg menstrual problems). Medicinal mushrooms are able to regulate blood sugar, this is also the case with Reishi. Therefore, it can be used in diabetes - especially II. type. In the following, we will explain how it improves the tissue response to insulin. At the same time, Reishi harmonizes blood pressure, prevents hypoxia of the heart muscle, and contributes to better nutrition of the coronary arteries. Reishi thrives on inflammation, especially chronic inflammation. It is used with Coriol and Auricularia in inflammation of the musculoskeletal system (for example in rheumatoid arthritis). It has also been shown to be effective in autoimmune inflammation or overactive thyroid gland. Also in this case, it is supplemented by Coriol. (1)

Reishi tested in practice

heart and circulation support, Shiitake, Maitake, Agaricus, Auricularia, Cordyceps,
overall strengthening of the immune system, Shiitake, Agaricus, Coriolus,
help with allergies, Agaricus, Hericium are added (especially for bowel cleansing),
support of physical and mental health, Cordyceps is added,
complementary cancer therapy, combination of fungi according to the type of tumor,
benefits from sleep disorders, exhaustion or nervous agitation, Hericium, Cordyceps,
adjunctive therapy in liver disorders, Shiitake, Maitake, Agaricus,
anti-aging agent, Cordyceps is added.

More ways to use Reishi

has anti-inflammatory effects,
in insomnia,
anxiety,
fatigue,
overweight
to eliminate stress,
regulates lipids and cholesterol,
has anti-aging effects (also Cordyceps),
protects the heart and liver,
in case of allergy (stops the release of histamine + vitamin C),
food allergy (also Hericium),
in diseases of the musculoskeletal system,
in cancers of the liver, stomach, lungs, kidneys, skin, brain,
to strengthen the immune system,
in skin diseases,
acts antineoplastically,
strengthens the cardiovascular system (increases contractility, lowers blood pressure, prevents hypoxia of the heart muscle),
acts antibiotically (against pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci, E.coli, B. dysentery, pseudomonas),
to strengthen the liver,
in diabetes,
mild cough,
supports coughing
has a sedative, analgesic,
it is an antihistamine,
helps with bronchitis (in addition Cordyceps - for long-term problems; in addition, Coriolus in acute condition - regenerates mucous membranes),
in neurasthenia,
leukopenia,
liver cirrhosis,
dermatological disease,
in case of physical or mental fatigue,
osteoarthritis, arthritis, leukemia (acts on the bone marrow),
in retinal disease,
muscular atrophy and dystrophy and MS,
helps detoxify the liver,
regulates defensive qi,
it is a significant antioxidant (P / E),
excels in antiaging effects.

Characteristics of Reishi

Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum, Glossy Crustacean, Ling zhi, "divine mushroom of immortality") is one of the wood-destroying fungi and its homeland is Asia. It occurs mainly on live or dead trees and the stems of deciduous trees, mainly on beech and oak. Because Reishi is in great demand, it is also widely grown commercially in growing facilities. Reishi is included in a huge family of glossy crustaceans, in addition to more than 210 different species. It is characterized by its semicircular or fan-shaped hat, which is so shiny that it looks varnished. And yes, hence the Slovak name: lesklokôrovka lesklá. Reishi has been used by more than 2,000 years ago in Asia to treat many ailments. And because they were convinced of the incredible effects, it was called the "mushroom of immortality." Many effects and effects on human health have been described. This includes, for example, the famous herbarium Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. Its writing dates back to 25-220 AD, to the reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The book was gradually updated to include more and more new ways to use Reishi. Other written references include Ben Cao Gang Mu. William "Curtis" found "Reishi for the" Western "world in 1781. Nevertheless, the doctors of this medical fungus do not pay the attention they would certainly deserve. The fact is, however, that many attempts, research and clinical studies have been carried out since the 1960s. The results only confirm the knowledge gained thousands of years ago. These include, for example, the ability of Reishi to regulate the activity of the immune system, to kill cancer cells, but more recently, for example, the ability to stop the development of diseases of civilization. Reishi was cultivated and artificially cultivated around 1970. A suitable substrate is required so that the fungus does not lose its composition. Only in this way can it keep its biologically active substances beneficial to human health. Because a suitable substrate has been found, Reishi from growing facilities is also a full-fledged replacement for wild mushrooms. However, one of these cultivated fungi still has one advantage: it is possible to make better use of the individual developmental stages of the fungus - i.e. mycelia, spores or e.g. ripe mushrooms, because at each stage of development Reishi may have a slightly different composition (some components are more common, others less so). (1)

Reishi composition

As we have said, Reishi can, thanks to the ingredients contained, influence the activity of the organism. Up to 90% of the weight of the fungus is fluid. Dry matter is mainly polysaccharides, proteins, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. We have prepared a brief overview of the basic composition of Reishi for you. You can get an idea of the broad focus of this medicinal fungus on the whole organism.

Polysaccharides and glycoproteins

Fungi have polysaccharides absorbable and non-absorbable. Polysaccharides are long chain sugars. Many of them do not dissolve in water and are not absorbed by the intestines, so they are so-called crude fiber. They do not increase blood glucose quickly. Reishi polysaccharides can control many processes in the body. They consist of glucose, mannose, xylose, galactose. Approximately 200 different polysaccharides have been isolated from Reishi, the best known being beta-glucans - both types: beta-1-3 and beta-1-6-D glucans, but also sugars ganoderans A, B, C. Insoluble polysaccharides include important chitin, an important nutrient for the intestinal microflora. Because it leaves the stool, it can improve peristalsis and bind various fats or pollutants that disappear from the body with it. The composition of the polysaccharide affects the resulting effects. These are mainly aimed at influencing the immune system (smaller doses activate, higher ones have a more anti-inflammatory effect). In addition, they neutralize free radicals, balance blood sugar levels and act against cancer. Glycoproteins are also an important part of Reishi. These are compounds of proteins and sugars. There are also lectins, powerful immunomodulators that can successfully fight viruses and cancer cells.

Triterpenes and sterols

An important component of Reishi is also the relatively large amount of sterols and triterpenes that can be found in medicinal plants such as ginko biloba or ginseng. They are important for their anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and anti-cancer effects. They have a strong antioxidant effect and reduce the level of fats in the blood. The effect of sterols and triterpenes on the activity of the immune system is not significant. The subclass of terpenes includes triterpenes and substances derived from them that plants form during growth and development. Their concentration also changes in the individual stages of Reishi growth. Triterpenes give the plants a slightly hot taste. Reishi contains a larger amount of triterpenes derived from lanostan - this is a metabolite of lanosterol. The parent compound of lanosterol is squalene. Triterpenes from Reishi can be extracted, mostly in methanol and ethanol. More than 50 compounds of triterpenic nature appeared in the extracts, which is a relatively large amount. Also included are ganoderic acid, ludicenic acid, ganoderal, ganoderols, ganoderiols or, for example, ganoderones and ganodermic acid. One of the strongest triterpenes is ganoderic acid X, whose ability to kill tumor cells is incredible. Ganoderic acids B and D lower blood pressure and have an anti-infective effect. Lucidumol C is one of the newly discovered substances. Its advantage is the effective elimination of many types of cancer cells. Among the sterols, ergosterol (vitamin D2), which is essential for healthy bone tissue, stands out. In addition, it promotes bone mineralization, which makes bones much stronger.

Fats and fatty acids

Reishi also has a variety of fatty acids. Whether polyunsaturated or saturated. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are especially important, with linoleic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids being the most common. Their important ability is to suppress the proliferation of cancer cells. For example, stearic acid and palmitic acid even cause apoptotic death in these cells.

Proteins, peptides, amino acids and enzymes

Reishi also includes proteins, including its own building blocks - amino acids. They also affect the functions of the body. Of the proteins, Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8), which has been isolated from fungal mycelium, is the most studied. Like other proteins, it stimulates the immune system. In addition, it can fight cancer cells and is an antioxidant. Amino acids are important not only because they are made into proteins, but also, if necessary, sugars. Reishi also contains essential amino acids that the body cannot make on its own and needs food. Enzymes are also proteins and are needed in many processes, for example they help in the synthesis of some components, but they can also break down them. Metalloproteinases cleave the intercellular mass and also have an anticoagulant effect. Galactosidases are enzymes that break down milk sugar - lactose.

Nucleosides

Nucleosides such as adenosine prevent platelet aggregation, thereby reducing the formation of thrombi (blood clots). In addition, adenosine lowers blood pressure and affects cardiac function, so it is given to patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Reishi contains other nucleosides such as adenine, uracil or uridine.

Vitamins and minerals

Many vitamins also appear in Reishi. Enough is especially vitamin D, B vitamins or beta-carotene. Of the minerals, it contains mainly potassium, sodium, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, magnesium and others.

Reishi abilities

Reishi has many effects and we will introduce some of them in the following text. They are based on scientific research, and the experiments have been performed not only on cell cultures (in vitro) but also on laboratory animals (in vivo). However, some were performed on volunteers.

Reishi kills cancer cells

Cancer is a scarecrow of modern times. Most of the population has a personal experience with the disease or a family member. Science is still advancing and offers more opportunities, the more likely it is to control the disease. New treatments already include biological treatment. This increases patients' chances of survival. However, there is still a risk of death. Scarecrow is also anticancer treatment, which is often very difficult for the body and sometimes has very strong negative side effects. Therefore, new and new ways to treat patients to the most gentle and effective method of treatment are constantly being sought. In the field of cancer, Reishi has been researched for a long time and the results speak of a successful fight in the suppression of cancer growth. In vitro studies are performed on cancer cells to which Reishi is added and changes in cell behavior are monitored. Due to the medicinal sponge, the division of cancer cells is suppressed because it stops the cell cycle. In addition, Reishi triggers signaling pathways that result in cell death - apoptosis. Reishi has been shown to kill breast, lung, colon and rectal, cervical, prostate, sarcoma, liver or leukemia cancer cells in this way. In addition, thanks to Reishi, new blood vessel formation is limited - abiogenesis. Because tumor cells undergo massive division, they require a lot of energy and oxygen compared to healthy cells. Because they require more blood, they make hormones that make new blood vessels. But Reishi acts as a defense here, blocking this process. In addition, Reishi can prevent cells from traveling from the tumor site, thus acting against metastasis. In animal experiments, practically the same results are obtained as in cell culture experiments. Animals with cancer live longer when they get Reishi. In addition, the volume and weight of the tumor mass decreases and the number of metastases also decreases. An important fact in prostate cancer is that ganoderol B is found in the fungus, which binds to androgen receptors of the prostate. Thus, it is not possible to bind male sex hormone. In this case, the hormone worsens the condition because it promotes the growth of cancer. Some of the experiments demonstrate Reishi's ability to help increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Many types of tumors are resistant to chemotherapy or respond insufficiently. Therefore, high doses must be used, but they are dangerous for the patient. Doses of Reishi also affect the consequences of treatment, thanks to this medicinal sponge, the body regenerates faster. It is also necessary to mention the immunostimulatory effects in this section, because Reishi stimulates those immune cells that are part of anti-cancer immunity.

Li A, Shuai X, Jia Z, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by downregulating regulatory T cells accumulation and function by inducing microRNA-125b. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2015; 13: 100.

Liu DL, Yang DH, Li YJ, Wang CR, Xu J, Yao N, Chen ZS, Zhang XQ, Ye WC, Zhang DM. Ganoderma lucidum derived ganoderenic acid B reverses ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance in HepG2 / ADM cells. Int J Oncol. 2015; 46 (5): 2029-38.

Li YB, Liu RM, Liang XF, Liu HZ, Zhong JJ, Xiao JH. Structurally related ganoderic acids induce apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells: involvement of oxidative stress and antioxidant protective system. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Aug 14. pii: S0009-2797 (15) 30034-X.

Na K, Li K, Sang T, Wu K, Wang Y, Wang X. Anticarcinogenic effects of water extract of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol. 2017 May; 50 (5): 1541-1554.

Wang SC, Hsin IL, Li JR, Ciou TC, Wu HM, Wu CH, Ko JL.Immunomodulatory proteins FIP-gts and chloroquine induce caspase-independent cell death via autophagy for resensitizing cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer cells. Phytomedicine. 2016 Dec 1; 23 (13): 1566-1573.

Quagliariello V, Barbieri A, Del Vecchio V et al. Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Ganoderma lucidum Extract Effects on Melanoma and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment. Nutrients. 2017 Feb 28; 9 (3). pii: E210.

Xie ZP, Wang T, Huang ZS, Li H, Di JM, Wei AY, Total triterpenoids from Ganoderma Lucidum suppresses prostate cancer cell growth by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2015 Oct; 35 (5): 736-41.

Lv J, Chen Y, Li K, Xu J, Zhang W, Li M, Pang X. Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganoderma lucidum Inhibit the Growth of Lung Cancer: Involvement of the Akt / mTOR Signaling Pathway. Nutr Cancer. 2016 Oct; 68 (7): 1151-60.

The effect of Reishi on the immune system

Proper functioning of the immune system is essential for the body to handle all the pitfalls. When the body is weakened, it is easier to succumb to various infections, but also, for example, cancer. When the immune system starts to work too much, it can even turn against its own structures, examples of which are autoimmune diseases. The body does not benefit even, even if only mild, long-term inflammation. Reishi can use polysaccharides to effectively regulate the activity of the immune system. Not only does it balance it, but it also strengthens it and mildly misreacts it. Reishi strengthens the immune system by acting on innate immune cells (dendritic cells, macrophages or eg neutrophils), but also acquired immunity (B and T lymphocytes). The polysaccharides contained in Reishi can bind to receptors on immune cell membranes. This binding triggers intracellular signaling pathways - these lead, for example, to an increase in the production of agents that trigger other parts of the immune system, ie anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, or TNF alpha). They are in charge of promoting division and thus also the proliferation of immune cells (growth factors). However, the binding also changes the function of the cell - e.g. in macrophages or dendritic cells, the ability to absorb foreign material or damaged and dying cells increases. This is called phagocytosis. The swallowed particle, such as a bacterium, is killed by the cells and "divided" into small protein parts. They expose them on their surface - so they can be recognized by other cells of the immune system, such as T lymphocytes. These then stimulate B cells to produce immunoglobulin. This results in Reishi's ability to act on the entire immune system. By increasing the production of IL-10 by immune cells, Reishi suppresses immune responses. This is because interleukin reduces the activity of immune cells and also the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. And how does Reishi work against allergies? Reishi was tested in allergic mice with asthma, in which the airways developed a lot of activity and the response was rapid withdrawal. Mice that ate Reishi had less allergic symptoms and better asthma. The release of histamine from mast cells has stopped and cytokine production has decreased, which is important because they are very important in allergies. Not only animals but also patients with asthma are tested. In tests when a combination of substances was administered - one of which was ganoderic acid - there was a significant reduction in airway inflammation. Thus, the production of mucus also decreased, thus significantly reducing airway inflammation and calming the airway condition. Reishi has also been tested for autoimmune diseases. Experiments have been performed on mice infected with diseases such as human - e.g. Crohn's disease, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Reishi administration greatly contributed to a decrease in autoimmune inflammation and the condition of the experimental animals improved. However, the immune system consists not only of immune cells and various agents, but also of the skin and mucous membranes, which are a barrier preventing the entry of harmful substances into the body. Among the barriers, the intestinal one, which Reishi helps to significantly strengthen, is essential. As a result, it is then less permeable, and in addition, a better state of the intestinal microflora, which is essential for human health. Finally, there was also an increase in the concentration of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA).

Liu YJ, Cao LP, Du JL, Jia R, Zhao CY, Shen YJ, Xu P, Yin GJ. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Int Immunopharmacol. 2015; 25 (1): 112-20.

Andoh T, Yamamoto T, Zhang Q, Tayama M, Tanaka K, Kuraishi Y, Hattori M. Inhibitory effects of the methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum on mosquito allergy-induced itch-associated responses in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010; 114 (3): 292-7.

Cai Q, Li Y, Pei G. Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum attenuate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and modulate microglial phagocytosis and behavioral response. J Neuroinflammation. 2017 Mar 24; 14 (1): 63.

Jin M, Shao D, Zhu Y, Zhao K, Li Q, Yang, Xu C, Huang Q, Shi J. Effects of polysaccharide from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum on intestinal barrier functions of rats. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Jan; 94 (Pt A): 1-9.

Andoh T, Yamamoto T, Zhang Q, Tayama M, Tanaka K, Hattori M, Kuraishi Y. Inhibitory effects of the methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum on mosquito allergy-induced itch-associated responses in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010; 114 (3): 292-7.

Habijanic J, Berovic M, Boh B, Wraber B, Plankl M,. Submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum and the effects of its polysaccharides on the production of human cytokines TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17. N Biotechnol. 2015 Jan 25; 32 (1): 85-95.

Cai Z, Wong CK, Jiao D, Chu M, Dong J, Leung PC, et al. Anti-inflammatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) and San-Miao-San supplements in MRL / lpr mice for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Chin Med. 2016 Apr 29; 11: 23.

Pidchenko VT, Nizhenkovska IV, Bychkova NG, Bisko NA, Rodnichenko AY, Kozyko NO. Influence of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt .: Fr.) P. Karst. on T-cell-mediated immunity in normal and immunosuppressed mice line CBA / Ca. Ceska Slov Farm. 2015 Fall; 64 (4): 139-143.

Wang L, Yang N, Liu C, Song Y, Zi J, el al. Ganoderic acid C1 isolated from the anti-asthma formula, ASHMI ™ suppresses TNF-α production by mouse macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthma patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 Aug; 27 (2): 224-31.

Zhang Q, Andoh T, Yamamoto T, Hattori M, Tayama M, Tanaka K, Kuraishi Y. Inhibitory effects of the methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum on mosquito allergy-induced itch-associated responses in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010; 114 (3): 292-7.

Reishi eliminates free radicals

The result of oxidative stress is faster aging and degenerative processes in the body. This is because free radicals are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic, damaging cell DNA and fats in membranes. Because free radicals are also formed during physiological processes, the body can neutralize free radicals by its own means. In some cases, however, much more free radicals are formed and the body is then unable to respond adequately. Physical and mental stress, environmental pollution, but also, for example, infections contribute to the formation of free radicals. Strong antioxidants are vitamins C and E or e.g. Reishi ingredients, especially polyphenols, polysaccharides and terpenoids. Antioxidant properties were tested, for example, in solutions with radicals to which Reishi extract was added. Subsequently, the concentration of the remaining radicals - even those that were not neutralized - was measured. Some of the experiments were also performed on animals. Oxidative stress is monitored on the results of blood samples. The level of malondialdehyde formed by lipid peroxidation in cell membranes is determined. When the values are higher, this corresponds to high free radical activity. Free radicals cause damage in many diseases, damaging organs. Examples are type I diabetes, where liver damage, kidney failure or degenerative processes in the brain occur. As far as possible, as the concentration of free radicals decreases, the progression of the damage is slowed down or even stopped. Alternatively, the organ may be regenerated.

Stajic M, Cilerdzic J, Zivkovic L, Bajic V, Spremo-Potparevic B, Vukojevic J. Genoprotective Capacity of Alternatively Cultivated Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), Basidiocarps. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2016; 18 (12): 1061-1069.

Tang X, Xu B, Cai W. Comparison of the Chemical Profiles and Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Extracts from Two Ganoderma Species (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2016; 18 (7): 609-20.

Negi P, Mohsin M, Ahmed Z. Determination of the antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents of wild Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt. Fr.) P. Karst. (higher Basidiomycetes) from central Himalayan hills of India. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2011; 13 (6): 535-44.

Rani P, Maheshwari U, Lal MR, Krishnan S. Antioxidant Potential of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Higher Basidiomycetes) Cultivated on Artocarpus heterophyllus Sawdust Substrate in India. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2015; 17 (12): 1171-7.

Reishi prevents infections

When an infectious pathogen penetrates and multiplies, the infection is triggered. The pathogen can stop the immune system when it tries to enter the body, for example on the mucous membranes, skin or even in the body. The infection may not break out, despite the infection. Infectious pathogens excel in clever mechanisms by which the immune system bypasses. This will allow them to reproduce, and then problems arise. Some types of infections (their causes) can even be fatal. The dangers are mainly viral infections, for which treatment is not effective, unlike influenza viruses or herpes viruses. Serious fungal and yeast infections are a great danger for debilitated individuals. Bacterial infection also becomes dangerous, because bacteria are much more resistant and cannot just be destroyed by antibiotics. Therefore, scientists are looking for new ways to treat these infections. Reishi is full of ingredients that can kill pathogens - whether of bacterial or viral origin, but also fungi or parasites. Experiments with herpes viruses have shown that Reishi reduces their reproduction, prevents them from moving and is active again. Studies have been performed in patients who have overcome shingles. When they took Reishi extract, neuralgic postherpetic pain decreased significantly and the condition also improved significantly in patients with genital herpes. There was a faster healing of the lesions and mitigation of the consequences. Because Reishi blocks the reverse transcriptase needed for the virus to multiply, it can also fight HIV. Ganodermic acid has been shown to suppress the replication of other viruses, e.g. Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV) or hepatitis B virus. Triterpenoids are able to control H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses. H1N1 often causes flu epidemics in the winter. Reishi can deal with viruses and bacteria, often the resistant and relatively dangerous ones. It limits division, thus preventing the growth of colonies. It disposes of e.g. golden staphylococcus, E. coli, salmonella, pseudomonads, but also mycobacteria (the causative agent of TB). Reishi is excellent in that it works with antibiotics and can strengthen their action. Reishi can also be used against yeasts, for example to suppress the growth of Candida glabrata. It also helps in the treatment of malaria caused by the plasmodium parasite.

Tang J, Lin, S Xu Y, Zhan L, Xu Y, Qin C. Prophylactic Use of Ganoderma lucidum Extract May Inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis Replication in a New Mouse Model of Spontaneous Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 8; 6: 1490.

El Zawawy NA, Ali SS. Anti-proteolytic activity of Ganoderma lucidum methanol extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Infect Dev Ctries 2016 Sep 30; 10 (9): 1020-1024.

Baig MN, Shahid AA, Ali M. In Vitro Assessment of Extracts of the Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Higher Basidiomycetes) Against Different Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2015; 17 (4): 407-11.

Zhu Q, Ohnuki K, Sawai T, Sawai K, Bang TH, Shimizu K.Inhibition of neuraminidase by Ganoderma triterpenoids and implications for neuraminidase inhibitor design. Sci Rep. 2015 Aug 26; 5: 13194.

Olarewaju M. Oluba, Augustine O. Olusola, George O. Eidangbe, Leye J. Babatola, and E. Chukwu Onyeneke, “Modulation of Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Plasmodium berghei Malarial Infection by Crude Aqueous Extract of Ganoderma lucidum,” Cholesterol, vol. 2012, Article ID 536396, 6 pages, 2012. doi: 10.1155 / 2012/536396

Young L, Abbott GM, Wan-Mohtar WA, Clements C, Harvey LM, McNeil B. Antimicrobial properties and cytotoxicity of sulfated (1,3) -β-D-glucan from the mycelium of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Feb 24.

Reishi - an important antidiabetic

Diabetes or diabetes mellitus are very common among people. In particular, II. the type that is often the result of an incorrect lifestyle. This type of diabetic sometimes has enough insulin, sometimes an excess, but the cells do not respond to it - they are resistant to insulin. In contrast, type I is an autoimmune disease in which the pancreas does not produce insulin at all. When blood sugar levels rise (hyperglycaemia), blood vessels, nerves and organs are damaged. Diabetics then suffer from diseases of the kidneys and retina, and wounds heal worse. Patient II. In some cases, the diet itself may help, or get antidiabetics. Insulin is given only in severe cases and in type I insulin. Consuming Reishi is another way to maintain sugar levels. Reishi was tested in laboratory animals to induce a condition similar to human diabetes. There was damage to the pancreas, increased blood glucose and induced insulin resistance. There was an improvement when Reishi was given. Not only did inflammation damaging the pancreas slow, but insulin production and tissue regeneration were also promoted. Blood sugar levels dropped and insulin resistance improved. The cells began to respond again to insulin. One clinical study involved 71 patients with type II diabetes. type. They received ganopolies and their condition was checked in 12 weeks. It was found that there was a decrease in glycemia, which was already under control, and glycated hemoglobin levels also decreased. Reishi can also alleviate the chronic complications of diabetics. Regarding kidney damage, Reishi consumption slowed progression and even improved. There was a decrease in blood creatinine and urea levels, which corresponds to an improvement in kidney function. Reishi has a preventive effect against nerve and eye damage. High glucose concentrations mean higher sorbitol production, aldose reductase enzyme activity. However, sorbitol can accumulate in the eye, causing clouding of the lens and retinal damage. Reishi blocks the enzyme, which stops the production of sorbitol and provides protection for the eye lens from damage. From the results of studies performed in animals and patients, it is clear that Reishi could become part of the treatment of diabetes in the future.
Ma HT, Chen ST, Hsieh JF. Anti-diabetic effects of Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochemistry. 2015 Mar 16. pii: S0031-9422 (15) 00083-7.

Lee YS, Juing SH, Shim SH, Shin KH, Kim JS, Kand SS. Inhibitory effects of Ganoderma applanatum in rat lens aldose reductase and sorbitol accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat tissues. Phyto Res. 2005 Jun; 19 (6): 477-80.

Wu Q, Zhang J, Xiao C, Xie Y, Cai W, Tan J, Antidiabetic activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides F31 down-regulated hepatic glucose regulatory enzymes in diabetic mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Nov 27. pii: S0378-8741 (16) 32110-9.

Hsieh JF, Ma HT, Chen ST. Anti-diabetic effects of Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochemistry. 2015 Mar 16. pii: S0031-9422 (15) 00083-7.

Dai X, Land J, Ye J, China; Zhou S. A Phase I / II Study of Ling zhi Mushroom Extract in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Gao Y, New Zealang; Int J Med Mushr 2004, 6 (1): 30-8.

Li F, Zhong Z, Zhang Y. Antihyperglycemic effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2011; 12 (9): 6135-45.

Li WD, He CY, Guo SX, Lin ZB, Lin SQ. Effect of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2006 Dec; 8 (8): 705-11

Reishi manages fats and helps the cardiovascular system

Elevated blood fat levels (hyperlipidemia) are now a problem for many people. The danger is that sometimes patients do not even know about the difficulties. They only find out when cardiovascular complications appear. Atherosclerosis is then manifested by, for example, angina pectoris, an increase in blood pressure or a myocardial infarction. It is important to take care of your health and have it checked during preventive examinations. It is also necessary to guard the values of fats. It can be an increase in only some fats - such as total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides. Reishi can help regulate lipid levels. Most experiments are performed on animals. They receive a high-fat diet and this increases the lipids in the blood, ie increases the levels of cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, but also decreases the value of "good" HDL cholesterol. When the animals receive Reishi, the measured lipids reach better values and decrease, in addition to which HDL increases, which is necessary. Studies have even been performed with volunteers. We can mention one study with 26 patients with overweight, diabetes II. and in addition with hypercholesterolemia. Reishi weight loss did not decrease, but sugar and fat levels took a more favorable turnaround. Patients gained control of glycemia and triglyceride levels, HDL levels also increased, and no additional medication was required. Heart pain caused by anemia, a problem called angina pectoris, may lie in atherosclerotic narrowed blood vessels. The researchers selected 34 patients with stable angina and gave them Reishi. Finally, inflammation was found to be reduced in patients. Inflammation is found in atherosclerotic lesions and damages blood vessels. Reishi has been found to cause a decrease in oxidative stress. It is very tall and has a bad effect on blood vessels and the heart. In addition, this medicinal fungus lowers total cholesterol. Patients had values at the inlet of 205.49 ± 48.49 mg / dl, the outcome then reached 182.11 ± 73.81 mg / dl. Reishi has also been shown to cause a drop in blood pressure. This was demonstrated in an experiment in mice that had a spontaneous increase in blood pressure. When Reishi was administered, the pressure was lower in these mice.

Chu TT, Lam CW, Fok BS, Benzie IF, Lee KK, Tomlinson B. Study of potential cardioprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi): results of a controlled human intervention trial. Br J Nutr. 2012 Apr; 107 (7): 1017-27.

Rein D, Berger A, Kratky E, et al. Cholesterol-lowering properties of Ganoderma lucidum in vitro, ex vivo, and in hamsters and minipigs. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2004; 3: 2.

Meneses ME, Martínez-Carrera D, Torres N, et al. Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL / 6 Mice. Li Volti G, ed. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11 (7): e0159631.

Kabir Y, Kimura S, Yamaguchi M. Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on blood pressure and plasma lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1987 Oct; 33 (5): 341-6.

Ubaidillah N, Widya A, Sargowo D, Jakfar V, Proboretno KS, Failasufi M, Warahugraha Y, Ramadhan F, Wulandari H, Putri DH. IOs 10-03 the distinctive effect of polysaccharide peptides ganoderma lucidum as anti atherogenesis in stable angina patiens. J Hypertens. 2016 Sep; 34 Suppl 1 - ISH 2016 Abstract Book: e72.

Protection of the liver and digestive system

Reishi is able to work with its effects on many fronts, most of which we have already introduced to you. But there are others among them. One such ability is the protection and regeneration of the liver and other organs of the digestive system. Although the liver has great regenerative abilities, if it is constantly loaded or exposed to a huge dose of harmful substances, it will be damaged. Substances that are dangerous for the liver certainly include fat, which is stored in it, but there are also dangers of chemicals, drugs, alcohol, toxins from fungi or e.g. infection. First, fibrotization occurs in the liver, in which functional tissue is replaced by non-functional tissue in an attempt to heal. However, this condition can turn into cirrhosis. In order to determine the effect of Reishi on the liver, it was damaged when tetrachloride or alloxan was administered to rodents. Liver damage was found by the release of enzymes from liver cells. ALT and AST enter the bloodstream when damaged. The rodents received Reishi and the liver regenerated much faster. In addition, function was restored and liver enzymes in the blood were reduced. The medicinal fungus has a regenerative effect, but it can also have a protective effect. If Reishi is delivered before the application of the toxicant, it will shrink with consequences for the liver. The experiment was performed on rats. Rats that did not receive Reishi prior to administration of the toxicant had a damaged liver. There was a great destruction of the liver tissue and thus lost liver function. The difference was in the rats that received Reishi. They showed much smaller consequences of the administration of the toxic substance and recovered more quickly to the "original" state. Reishi also protects the liver from fungal toxins such as alpha amanitin (in toadstool fungi). When Reishi is given, the probability of survival increases, the liver cells are not so subject to apoptosis (cell death). Harmful oxidative stress also decreases. For this reason, it would be possible to administer Reishi even in fungal poisoning. As already mentioned in the immune system, Reishi also has a positive effect on the intestinal mucosa. It takes care of a healthy microflora, the mucosa is much more resistant, its permeability decreases, and if there is inflammation, it also moderates it. Reishi also has a beneficial effect on the stomach because it kills Helicobacter pylori, which causes stomach ulcers and often stomach cancer.
Wu H, Tang S, Zhou Q, Huang Z, Zhang P, Chen Z. Hepatoprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Triterpenoids from Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) on α-Amanitin-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2016; 18 (9): 841-850.

Park JH, Kim CH, Kim JH, Kim YK, Jang KJ, Yoon HM. Ganoderma Lucidum Pharmacopuncture for Teating Ethanol-induced Chronic Gastric Ulcers in Rats. J Pharmacopuncture. 2015; 18 (1): 72-8.

Wu JG, Wu YB, Yi J, Kan YJ, Chen TQ, Wu JZ. Hepatoprotective effect of ganoderma triterpenoids against oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in human hepatic HepG2 cells. Pharm Biol. 2015 Oct 12: 1-11.

Wu and Keng-Liang Ou, “An Immunomodulatory Protein (Ling Zhi-8) from a Ganoderma lucidum Induced Acceleration of Wound Healing in Rat Liver Tissues after Monopolar Electrosurgery,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2014, Article ID 916531, 12 pages, 2014.

Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ, Konturek PC, Brzozowska I, Kwiecien S, Hahn EG. Involvement of ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines in epidermal growth factor-induced recovery of gastric mucosa from gastric lesions provoked by stress. Rule Pept. 2002; 30; 74 (2-3): 73-84.

Chiu HF, Lu YY, Han YC, Fu HY, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Triterpenoids and polysaccharide peptides-enriched Ganoderma lucidum: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its antioxidation and hepatoprotective efficacy in healthy volunteers. Pharm Biol. 2017 Dec; 55 (1): 1041-1046.

Reishi protects mental and mental state

Mental and mental condition is subject to great trials every day, so it is necessary to take care of it and support it. In particular, the central nervous system is often affected by degenerative processes, which can result in various types of dementia or, for example, mobility disorders. The most well-known diseases are certainly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The benefit of Reishi is its ability to reduce oxidative stress, that is, the damage that this stress can cause in nervous tissue. But Reishi also has a direct effect on nerve cells. Recently, the study noted the ability of Reishi to stimulate the activity of cells that make nerve cells, that is, progenitor cells. Thus, lost nerve cells are replaced and replenished. In Alzheimer's disease, Reishi takes care of reducing the extent of plaque. These are made up of beta amyloid, which kills nerve cells. The experiment was performed on mice that developed Alzheimer's disease. When rodents received Reishi, their memory and ability to learn improved, and their mobility and coordination also improved. Reishi can help not only with Alzheimer's memory loss, but also with trauma loss. The antiamnesic effects were investigated by inducing memory impairment, amnesia in rats by administering scopolamine. After 30 minutes, the tests showed memory impairment in the rats. A part of the rats received Reishi 300 mg / kg, and new tests were subsequently performed. Rats with Reishi showed much better spatial memory and cognitive functions compared to rats that did not receive a medical sponge. Memory recovery was thus confirmed in this case as well. Some of the studies suggest a beneficial effect of Reishi use in brain-borne brain disease - epilepsy. These then spread "uncoordinated" through the brain. Subsequently, new connections are formed in the brain many times, due to which the condition is much worse. As a result of seizures, some neurons die out. Reishi prevents the production of new, "inappropriate" neural connections, and also reduces neuronal death during an attack. Substances in the brain (neurotransmitters) have a great influence on the psyche. Depression is known to be caused by a decrease in serotonin. In experiments in rats, Reishi has been shown to interfere with the production of neurotransmitters, and may thus be beneficial in managing depression, anxiety, but may also improve sleep quality.

Anti-Amnesic Effect of Fermented Ganoderma lucidum Water Extracts by Lactic Acid Bacteria on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2015 Jun; 20 (2): 126-32.

Wu F, Yang ZW, Zhang SL. Effects of ganoderic acids on epileptiform discharge hippocampal neurons: insights from alterations of BDNF, TRPC3 and apoptosis. Pharmacy. 2016 Jun; 71 (6): 340-4.

Mao J, Huang S, Ding K, et al. Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum Promote Cognitive Function and Neural Progenitor Proliferation in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cell Reports. 2017; 8 (1): 84-94. doi: 10.1016 / j.stemcr.2016.12.007.

Li XJ, Zhou S, Wang SQ, Sun DX, Wang H, et al. (2013) Intervention Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum Spores on Epileptiform Discharge Hippocampal Neurons and Expression of Neurotrophin-4 and N-Cadherin. PLoS ONE 8 (4): e61687.

Reishi for better physical condition

Reishi is beneficial for mental problems and exhaustion. However, this medicinal fungus can also support the physical side of the body. Women with fibromyalgia participated in studies looking at the effect of Reishi. It is a chronic disease in which muscles, joints ache and the patient feels very tired. When sick women received Reishi, they felt better.